Dr Abed Akbari In the history of nations, individuals sometimes transcend their own eras to become an integral part of a country’s strategic memory. In such cases, evaluating them is not merely passing judgment on the record of a ruler, but rather an attempt to comprehend a school of thought that has permeated the political institutions, decision-making culture, and a nation’s perception of the world. The martyrdom of Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei belongs to this very category. The answer to the question of what the Islamic Republic of Iran willRead More

Dr. Muhammad Akram Zaheer Political ideas often outlive the societies in which they were first developed. They survive because they address recurring questions about power, institutions and change. Few twentieth-century thinkers illustrate this better than Leon Trotsky. Although his theories emerged from revolutionary Russia, the debates he initiated continue to resonate wherever states struggle with institutional weakness, political fragmentation and the challenge of reform. For Pakistan, Trotsky’s writings are not a political blueprint to be followed, but they offer a useful lens through which to examine the country’s own institutionalRead More