Muhammad Irfan In modern world, European nations are the foundations of economic strength and intellectual advancement, having established societies that encourage scientific progress, critical thinking, and economic development. Despite its rich intellectual history, the Islamic world is behind in both economic and intellectual development. By examining the past, we can understand how nations flourished when they valued knowledge, innovation, and open discourse, while other nations struggled to do so when these values were disregarded. Revising these historical patterns can reveal the secrets of what is possible and what we shouldRead More

Muhammad Wali Jan The South China Sea is a vital region for international trade, maritime security and resource exploitation, yet it remains one of the most contentious geopolitical hotspots in the world. The competing territorial claims involving China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, and Taiwan have escalated tensions in recent decades, particularly due to China’s assertive policies. As a regional organization committed to maintaining peace and stability, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) faces enormous challenges in dealing these disputes. The increasing militarization of the South China Sea, involvingRead More