Around 200 military personnel of both countries will participate in the drills.

The exercise is being seen as a demonstration of closer defence ties between the Pakistan and Russia after they signed a military cooperation pact in 2014.

It comes after intense drills by the Pakistani Air Force (PAF) earlier this week that officials said had been long-planned, including landing combat aircraft on the Islamabad-Lahore motorway.

The PAF on Thursday launched the Highmark Exercise, shutting down sections of the motorway leading out of the capital to land “several” combat aircraft for the first time in six years, a senior security source told media.

But Pakistani officials said Highmark is a routine exercise, with a senior security official telling media that preparations ─ including setting the dates it would take place ─ had begun around one year ago.

The drill is aimed an enhancing “operational preparedness”, the official said, and will continue for several weeks followed by months of evaluation.

Foreign Ministry Spokesman Nafees Zakariya said on Thursday that the moves were regular and routine.